Monday, September 30, 2019

Telemedicine And The Elderly Adult Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionThe new age of engineering is all around us, from Blackberry, Blue Tooth, GPS, I-Pads, I-Phones, I-Pods, and Smart Phones, ‘there ‘s an App for that'-anywhere we go and anything we want to make. Whether we accept or non, our private lives, our callings, and even our wellness concerns are invariably transformed by engineering. A We may kick, but in actuality, we would non hold it any other manner. Health attention engineering can be every bit simple as a proctor worn by a patient, or the usage of a handheld device at a patient ‘s bedside, that sounds an dismay at the possibility of a critical job. The hereafter of wellness attention engineering is about impossible, such as a sawbones sitting outside the operating room or as far off as another state, steering surgical instruments as an android machine performs intricate encephalon surgery in a infirmary. Soon, automatons are utilized in hospital scenes to implement bringing of medicine, lab specimens and consequences, and wellness records to assorted floors. A Robots can present these services in an efficient mode by make up one's minding and recalculating the best class to take to accomplish its undertaking, while carefully maneuvering clear of obstructions to finish the path. This paper about future tendencies in telemedicine focal points on the current and future impact of telemedicine in relation to caring for the rap idly increasing aged population.TelemedicineRemote and little populations in the United States are often at a disadvantage when they need entree to wellness attention. Disabled aged folks may non hold transit to see a doctor, if there is even one near adequate to entree. In an article focused on bettering diabetes attention in rural countries, Massey, Appel, Buchanan, and Cherrington ( 2010 ) explain that, â€Å" Residents of rural countries face extra barriers aˆÂ ¦ , including limited entree to wellness attention services, suppliers, and instruction plans ; high rates of poorness ; low degrees of wellness literacy ; and increased distances from societal webs ( p. 20 ) . In these state of affairss, the solution to wellness attention isolation for these persons is telemedicine. Telemedicine, defined as the â€Å" usage of telecommunications engineering to present health care at a distance from the patient † ( Stedman ‘s, 2005 ) , is besides known as â€Å" telehealth † . Telemedicine allows aged folks in rural or medically underserviced countries receive sufficient health care. The efficient exchange of medical records and informations between multiple doctors, specializers and/or druggists, while trial consequences and ordering instructions discussed between the patient and the doctor or other attention suppliers, is the end of telemedicine. Physicians ‘ communication over the telephone about intervention for a patient is a signifier of telemedicine, every bit good as an cyberspace videoconference between suppliers in different parts of the state or universe. Telemedicine can function the patient in the absence of place wellness attention every bit good as provide support and information for place wellness care-givers. Proctors can assist the patient keep path of medicines, blood force per unit area, and weight. In the yesteryear, a place wellness nurse necessitating instructions for medicine dosin or intervention for a peculiar patient may hold had to wait for a telephone call. Current computer-based information systems provide patients and their health professionals with support and information at the clip support and information is needed. Telemedicine brings the expertness and cognition of a distant specializer into the audience room of a little rural health care installation, or transfers the CAT-scan consequences of a patient in a rural community to a radiotherapist in another topographic point. The most recent promotion in telemedicine is the development of nomadic solutions that are non reliant on fixed systems, but employ nomadic orbiter and cellular telecommunication webs for the bringing of health care ( Kroemer, Fruhauf, Campbell, Massone, Schwantzer, Soyer, & A ; Hofmann-Wellenhof, 2011 ) .A Mobile telephones and personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) are used to present patient information. Mobile telemedicine is critical to the success of exigency medical services ( EMS ) forces before and during conveyance of a patient to a infirmary ( Parker, 2005 ) . Telemedicine is besides utile in educating doctors, nurses, and other medical forces. A The deficit of nurses, and likely besides the deficit of doctors, is due in portion to deficiency of instruction of medical staff. At least portion of the preparation of staff members can be with computer-based application systems. Application package can imitate exigency or intervention state of affairss to give the trainee practical hands-on preparation. In add-on, pupils can take specialised tests designed based on their ain degree of expertness.Telemedicine and the AgedTelemedicine, telecare, and telehealth, are all footings used interchangeably to depict distant monitoring of patients utilizing information, communicating, and engineering ( ICT ) . Patients are monitored through clip-on monitoring devices that send wellness position information from the patient to the wellness attention supplier electronically, in add-on to electronic mails, informations and imaging direction, and videoconfere ncing. Old ages ago, physicians made house calls to analyze their patients. With telemedicine, physicians can now do a practical house call. Patients can link themselves, or be connected by a attention supplier, to glucose metres, blood force per unit area turnups, radio graduated tables, and many other electronic devices that track the patient ‘s wellness daily and direct the consequences to the patient ‘s doctor. The Personal Emergency Response System ( PERS ) is another device for supervising aged patients. The PERS is typically worn as a pendent or a wristband, and automatically sends an qui vive if the patient falls or has another type of exigency. In an article featured in the diary â€Å" Age and Ageing † , Miskelly ( 2001 ) provinces, â€Å" Recent developments in new engineering are the topic of intensive research destined to do an of import part to the attention of older people, both in establishments and at place ( P. 455 ) . † In add-on, a 2010 survey conducted by BCC Research predicts that elder attention engineering and specifically engineering that proctors long-run attention installation occupants for falls and general wellness indexs, â€Å" were valued at $ 2.3 billion in 2010, and are expected to make $ 3.4 billion by 2015 † ( Long-Term Living 2011, ) . The U.S. population over age 65 is anticipated to more than double by the twelvemonth 2050. As the per centum of aged population additions, so does the rate of disablement, infirmity, and chronic diseases. Weakened aged grownups whom live entirely and suffer from chronic unwellness necessitate some signifier of every twenty-four hours monitoring. Home wellness attention helpers may assist, but most are non available to be with their client ( s ) on a full clip footing. In add-on, the greater portion of the aged population could non pull off to pay for this type of attention if it existed. The most accessible signifier of full clip monitoring for aged persons is a wearable device that monitors the person at all times. The most frequent chronic diseases of the aged are cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, neurological, and diabetic conditions. The weak aged are besides more likely to see falls. An article written by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC, 2012 ) reveals that â€Å" Each twelvemonth, one in every three grownups age 65 and older falls. Fallss can do moderate to severe hurts, such as hip breaks and caput hurts, and can increase the hazard of early decease. † Frequent monitoring of an person ‘s physical calm and critical marks may increase the likeliness of forestalling a dangerous event. â€Å" Home based gesture feeling might help in falls bar and aid maximise an person ‘s independency and community engagement † ( Patel, Park, Bonato, Chan, & A ; Rodgers, 2012, p. 2 ) . With other telemedicine systems patients monitor their ain critical marks utilizing blood force per unit area turnups, finger detectors to mensurate O impregnation, and graduated tables for supervising weight. A The informations transferred over web connexion to the database waiter where it is stored. The doctor or other healthcare supplier can entree the information remotely. The major difference between this type of system and the wearable monitoring devices is degree of user interaction. A The wearable proctors send signals automatically, where the blood force per unit area turnup, finger detectors and graduated tables are attached to home integral monitoring Stationss and necessitate interaction by the patient. A In add-on, being connected to a computing machine, they are non mobile, as are the wearable proctors.Restrictions and BarriersWhile telemedicine shows positive results for the aging population, legion barriers stand in the manner of its widespread execution. â€Å" Thos e barriers include deficiency of consciousness of available engineerings and jobs utilizing engineering among older consumers, deficiency of fiscal inducements to utilize or put in engineering, deficiency of consensus on the value of specific engineerings and unequal engineering substructures † ( Alwan & A ; Nobel, 2008, p. 3 ) . For illustration, some aged persons have negative intension when they think of engineering. They are either uninformed or uneducated about engineering, so are immune to devices that could assist them unrecorded longer, happier, more independent lives. In add-on, some folks may hold frights about their demand for such devices. Some older grownups and their household members may non hold the income to afford such devices which makes it hard for usage of the engineering to go a common pattern. Poor substructure is another obstruction, which is the inability of different information systems to pass on with one another. â€Å" Without this â€Å" interop erability, † EHRs created by one doctor ‘s information system can non be shared with or accessed by another doctor utilizing a different information system, a quandary that clearly defeats one of the intents of EHRs, which is to better co-ordinate attention † ( Alwan & A ; Nobel, 2008, p. 1 ) .The Future of TelemedicineThe widespread popularity and usage of telemedicine will non take off in the following five old ages, but telemedicine will easy be used by more patients and doctors than it is now. Distance will go less of a factor because of betterment in telecommunication and high-speed informations webs in general. As telecommunication progresss, so will telemedicine. Currently, wellness issues and life endangering conditions necessitating forte audience may take hours or even yearss to get the needed information. In the hereafter, forte audience could be an immediate communicating with a specializer sing the patient at the same clip as the go toing doctor. At pr esent, developing countries still need to get the engineering for usage of telemedicine. For this sector the usage of telemedicine in wellness attention countries such as general surgery, paediatricss, and exigency attention will better over the following five to ten old ages.DecisionThe life of each person is impacted by new engineering every twenty-four hours. The prevalence of engineering in our lives will merely go on to increase in the hereafter. From smart phone wellness â€Å" apps † to distance-guided robotic surgery, wellness attention engineering will go on to be enhanced and improved upon. Telemedicine is presently used in potentially every facet of communicating in wellness attention, from physician/specialist, physician/patient, and patient/healthcare supplier. Telemedicine is used to develop wellness attention staff and nurses where there is a deficiency of pedagogues available. Specialists and primary attention suppliers can see patient medical records, physica l history, and radiological images at the same clip, or even by a group of specializers through video-conference. The aged receive support and attention through telemedicine with the usage of proctors worn on the organic structure or connected to a computing machine. In the hereafter, I think it is possible that the monitoring systems will do it possible for medical information related to an exigency to make the infirmary exigency room staff before the patient arrives by ambulance or chopper. When needed, a specializer will look to be in the exigency room with the patient and staff, even though the specializer may be stat mis off. Harmonizing to Cowan ( 2010 ) , â€Å" Real ‘Health Care Reform ‘ requires cardinal alterations in pattern – which in bend requires effectual usage of information engineerings and acceptance to altering consumer outlooks † ( p. 379 ) . A As telecommunication progresss, so will telemedicine and all other facets of wellness attentio n engineering.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Comparison of Tragic Heroes: Othello and Willy Loman Essay

Tragic heroism dominates many of the plays written in the earlier years of literature. Many of the known authors and playwrights used them in their works to represent their main character. Among the more popular tragic heroes in the literary history are Othello from Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare and Willy Loman from Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. These two characters, although both fit the qualifications of a tragic hero, do so in different ways. In Aristotle’s Poetics, he outlined the characteristics of a tragic hero as follows; first, someone who has a noble standing or who has a high position relative to his culture; he should be great, but not to the point of perfection. Spectators must be able to relate to him as a man, not someone so godly. A fatal character flaw would cause his downfall and the consequences or punishments that he receives for it usually surpass the crime. However, the fall should not be limited to pure loss but may also be an increased awareness, some kind of self-discovery or self-realization or gained self-knowledge. Othello perfectly fit the standards provided above. He was a prominent man being the general and commander of the armed forces of Venice. People respect him and look up to him because of his noble stature. However, as the play progresses, it slowly unveils the character flaws of Othello. His being so trusting of Iago, which was partly because of his military mindset of fully giving total confidence to a comrade, led him to be manipulated easily. He was lured to believe that his wife was having an affair with another man. His jealousy took the better of him, thus he was not able to think clearly. This character flaw pulled him down from the pedestal for it showed that even though he was a very prominent person, he also have some weaknesses just like all humans do. As the story comes to an end, he was overcome by his suspicion of his wife’s dalliance, which made him kill her. It was only after that incident that he realized his foolishness for believing Iago. Thus, before he took his life, he stated â€Å"Speak of one that loved not wisely, but too well, of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, perplexed in an extreme†¦. † (Act V, Scene 2). Too late was his realization of his lack of wisdom and naivete, which led to the tragic ending of the story. Willy Loman, on the other hand, has a different story. He may not be a very prominent person just like Othello, but within the realm of his culture, he is at the higher post. He was a successful businessman; he has his own home, a car, and what he perceived as a wonderful family. He saw himself as someone very important in his family and a cut above his contemporaries. This claim is evident in his statement in Act 1 where he uttered â€Å"I’m the New England man. I’m vital in New England†. This prominence, although self-perceived made him qualify for the first qualification of a tragic hero. His flaws, however, also came from the perception he had of himself. He set a high standard for his son based on what he had accomplished, which the latter failed to achieve. As he got older, he became less effective as a salesman and things began going out of hand. He made major mistakes after another including an affair with another woman, which was discovered by his son making things worse. His faults, however, are not planned but were spontaneously derived from previous misfortunes. In the end, the once very happy and contented Willy Loman became very sad and miserable that he decided to end his life through a car crash. We can see in these two characters the fulfilment of the qualifications for a tragic hero in different ways. Othello, somehow manages to fit in classically while Loman had to achieve it by diving deeper into the criteria. Nevertheless, the main idea of being a tragic hero was met by both, thus they are considered as such. This only goes to show that literature is not limited, which is a good thing because it allows writers to explore different possibilities of meeting set standards.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Alternate energy

Alternate energy – the solution to our depleting natural resources. A viable way to counter the effects of global warming. But is it really so? Every argument has its own pros and cons and we need to study both the sides before reaching on a hasty conclusion. As with all other discussions, the discussion centering around alternate energy sources has its own handful of proponents and opponents. Alternate energy sources are hailed the most due to their inexpensive and less polluting nature. Alternate energy sources are those which can be substituted for fossil fuels and include biofuels.Biofuels include among them vegetable oils, ethanol and methanol. As against fossil fuels, non renewable energy sources do not have a limited supply and hence their usage is not feared to bring about a rapid exhaustion of the resources. Careful studies of nonrenewable sources have made scientists to predict about possible exhaustion of these resources in coming century. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources puts an the lifetime of conventional oil to be only 32 years more, while its estimates about natural gas show that it will last 65 years more.This is one of the reasons that renewable resources are so much sought after now since the continuance of our work processes depending on these resources, is not threatened by their diminishing supply. Scientific studies have already revealed how the use of non renewable sources has proved to be hazardous to not just the environment but also the health of the population. This paper will discuss multiple sides of the issues of using these alternate energy sources. These issues are economic, ethical, social and environmental. We will discuss how the use of alternate energy sources will lead to less of global warming.In the environmental context, fossil fuels have been proven to be hazardous to nature and health. The environment is at great stake if we continue to use these fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels leads to a number of pollutions ranging from water and land pollution to air pollution. It is held today that the highest amount of environmental pollution can be attributed to none other than the combustion of these fuels. The smog caused by the combustion of these fuels can not only cause human sickness but can also be dangerous to the sustainability of crops.Similarly, the release of carbon dioxide in environment form the burning of these fuels is a major cause of global warming. Many climate changes are a result of this global warming. Continued use of these fossil fuels will only aggravate the situation. The conversion of fossil fuels is another environmental problem as it results in solid waste accumulation. Another threat posed by fossil fuels is that of spill offs in seas and oceans during their delivery. This proves to be a menace to the marine life and very difficult to clean up. Biofuels in contrast do not have any such hazards attached to them.Burning biofuels rele ases carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide in lesser quantities. A model by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) shows that neat biodiesel form soya beans cut down the global warming pollution by more than 50% in comparison to conventional petroleum based diesel. Some other sources for biofuels such as algae have the potential of providing up to 90% reductions in global warming pollution. Biodiesel is also made form recycled food oil and waste products. Use of advanced technologies in future will see that the waste streams are being converted to diesel fuels.This will result in production of low carbon diesel. Biodiesel has got an edge over petroleum diesel fuel when it comes to low pollution emission. Biodiesel emit less of hydrocarbons as compared to conventional diesels and thus are environmentally safer. In environmental context then, biofuels seem to be a more viable option, by being less harmful and detrimental to environment and health. The issue of energy sources is such that now it has even got mixed with politics. In evaluating the viability of alternate energy sources, we also have to consider the political context relevant to the situation.Governments are now more than ever concerned about the dwindling supplies of fuels and hence are pushing for alternate energy sources. Before using an alternate energy source then, the political issues that need to be considered are many. One of the many aspects considered by a government before venturing into the development of any alternate energy source is the jobs and the growth provided by the fuels industry. The renewable industry is a newly developing one and has potential for growth in future. This is what the Canadian government has in mind and is one of the reasons why it is pursuing a greater use of renewable energy sources.Governments like Canada seek alternate energy source such as biofuels because they offer immense reductions in greenhouse gases (Susanne, 2007). They also provide an economical energy so urce for governments in the face of increasing petroleum prices. The basic reason however governments may consider alternate energy fuels such as these is the wish to support farming and rural communities. Hence, political issues such as consideration of population and growth and job opportunities in the alternate energy industry are some of the political aspects a government considers before opting for such a resource.The Canadian government has opted to go for biodiesels which shows that this form of energy is being sought after readily by governments and they think it as a feasible option to not only counteract the effects of global warming but also be beneficial in terms of providing job opportunities to the farmer population. If we consider the socio-economic aspect of this issue, we would see that alternate energy sources are being seen by governments as a lucrative option since governments have seen an increase in farm-products and thus that this could boost rural incomes (FA O, 2008).Hence, all the more reason to support the alternate energy source. Economically, the biofuels could prove to be fruitful for farmers in developed countries. The FAO report 2008 states that farmers of the developing countries could be supported and aided to reap the benefits of its production. If biofuels is produced in developing countries, not only will it be economically profitable for the local population but it will be a major cause for reduction in pollution. Todaro, in his book Economic development states that the most cumulative environmental degradation has been caused by the developed world.However, this trend is very much likely to reverse because of decreasing income patterns and high population growth rates in developing countries. Thus, providing the population of developing countries with a cheap substitute to fossil fuels will ensure lesser pollution created in the developing world. Keeping all these points in view, I opine that alternate energy sources are i ndeed the need of the day and promoting their use will reduce pollution and combat global warming. However, some contrasting views have also been found related to the use of biofuels.These present some problems in deciding whether to promote the use of biofuels or not. Producing biofuels requires more fossil fuel energy than is gained by the consumption of the fuel (Pimentel, 2001). Hence, it contributes to global warming and pollution too. On the political forefront, biofuels, particularly ethanol is being opposed against by the environmentalists on the grounds that promoting the use of biofuels might encourage farmers to abandon food crops and plant cash crops instead, which could then be used in producing fuel.Europe is one such region which has pursued in the past for policies favoring biofuels. However, the policy decision made in 2008, has met with strict criticism from lobbyists, citizens and environmentalists. Ethanol, one of the biofuels, then does not appear to have a stro ng foothold when it comes to political grounds. Policies to promote biofuels in regions such as Europe and U. S have met with censure and disapproval as it does not seem to be such a feasible source. Political and environmental arguments however are not the only ones to be considered.The social aspects have to be considered too. One may argue that producing biofuels will be good for society. More cash crops will be grown, with better return to society and less production of pollution. However, a study shows how the production of biofuels is actually a social tragedy for humans. To sum up, the report declares that producing biofuels is not a feasible option as it will only be disastrous for farmers, the environment, and citizens, particularly, the poor ones (Altieri & Bravo, 2007). The report gives example of U.S that how even the utilization of all soya bean and corn crops will not be enough to meet more than 12% of its gasoline’s needs and 6% of diesel needs. One-fifth of co rn harvest in U. S has already been dedicated to biofuels but this too could meet only 3% of its domestic energy demands. Is it then ethical to pursue this option when it seems to have a plethora of arguments opposing it? Apparently, there is a trade-off between the economic and environmental benefits to be reaped from the production of biofuels, against the social costs of getting the food crops being replaced by cash crops.Cheap fuel to source the industries of a country or food for feeding the population? These are the two precarious questions waiting to be answered. Through the course of the discussion of paper, we have seen how alternate energy source may prove one of the ways to combat pollution and be beneficial for the environment. However, to do so at the social cost of hungry population would be a crucial mistake. The key to this problem is maintaining a balance between the two. In the face of food crisis and rising food prices, priority should be set on solving the proble ms of food security.Developing countries, hence must not seek out so actively to promote the use of alternate energy source. Rather, their focus should be on getting the food crisis resolved. One of the FAO’s recommendations with regard to this aspect says that â€Å"policies should be developed with appropriate international coordination to ensure that the international system supports environmental sustainability goals as well as social goals for agricultural development and poverty and hunger reduction†.Hence, to achieve the goals environmental sustainability, alternate energy source i. e. biodiesels must be sought keenly but only if the social costs of doing so are not greater than the economic profitability. References: FAO report, (2008), The State of Food and Agriculture, Part I: Biofuels: Prospects, Risks and Opportunities, pp 88-90. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from http://www. foodfirst. org/node/1662 R. S. , Susanne (2010, February), Canadians backing biofuels. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from http://www. biodieselmagazine. com/article. jsp? article_id=3993 Pimentel. (2001), The limitations of biomass energy, Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences and Technology. San Diego: Academic Press,159–171 Altieri, M. A. , & Bravo, E. (March 2007), The ecological and social tragedy of crop-based biofuel production in the Americas. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from http://www. foodfirst. org/node/1662 Todaro, M. P & Smith, S. C, Economic Development, 2002, Prentice Hall

Friday, September 27, 2019

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 103

Case Study Example Manufacturing must be closely intertwined with the current enlightened philosophy of marketing where products are expected to meet customer wants, needs, preferences and marketed in a socially responsible manner that is pleasing and beneficial. Manufacturers, such as Mattel Corporation, who manufacture products for children have the responsibility of ensuring that the products are safe in both intended and non-intended uses so as to protect children from harm since, ordinarily, children lack the literacy to comprehend the complete functioning of a product. Moreover, the manufacturers must ensure that the society’s apprehensions on children’s privacy and rights are upheld as this will somewhat guarantee business perpetuity. What’s more, the manufacturers have the responsibility of ensuring that the components used in manufacturing the product are meet the health and safety standards and accurate information indicated on the products label. For instance, the age th at is supposed to use the product and the chemical components should be clearly indicated. Environmental matters must also be taken into consideration by ensuring that any substandard products are safely confiscated so that the public does not gain access

Thursday, September 26, 2019

History and Environment in the Mimbres Valley Article

History and Environment in the Mimbres Valley - Article Example The valley thus experienced a variation in the population over the years, and this affected its overall ecology. The research focuses on how the people survived in this valley; how its ecology changed, and how this differs from the present. The area features a short river, predominantly pinon, juniper and oak trees, orchards and alfalfa, and a floodplain, which continues to be farmed by gravity-fed small irrigation canals. The riverine environment contrasts significantly from surrounding areas, which also has more drought-resistant vegetation. Although it appears the land is fairly preserved, the significant recent degradation as the third cycle of human interference is resulting in more permanent consequences for plant and animal life. The original Mimbres people transformed from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to farming supplemented their diet with wild plants and animals and were self-sufficient. Culturally, they resembled the Hopi and other pueblos. As their population increased, they cut down more trees, engaged in more intensive farming, used more weedy plants, and overexploited select larger animal species. This also denuded the valley bottom from plant life. Some of the check dams constructed in marginal areas to retain rainwater still remain. The first cycle of degradation then occurred between A.D. 1000 to 1130 despite evidence of some measures of environmental conservation. However, as noted by Lt. Emory in 1846, the environmental balance was later restored. This is attributable to the population decline by the 1400s and the preservation of the river. The next cycle of degradation was caused by the opening of a shelter during the later 1800s, in particular from the wood gathered to fuel it resulting in large-scale deforestation aided by steel tools, wagons, and horses. However, this situation reversed after the smelter was closed.  

Crisis Report Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crisis Report - Research Paper Example As the crisis is still ongoing, various news reports have revealed that both Malaysian and Philippine governments are negotiating to address the issue. Apparently, the Sultan of Sulu, who should be under the governance of the Philippine government, failed to heed the President of the Philippines’ admonitions, to wit: â€Å"Aquino appealed for his compatriots to return home peacefully and even sent a navy ship staffed with Filipino-Muslim leaders, social workers and medical personnel to facilitate their withdrawal. However, he finally lost patience with the recalcitrant Sulu insurgents and said on Saturday that they must surrender â€Å"without conditions.† The rebels had previously snubbed two deadlines to vacate the land† (Campbell, 2013, par. 2). Therefore, it is evident that no formal committee between these two governments were formed to specifically address the crisis; and all recommended solution to resolve the conflicts have apparently failed cause the deaths during the violent encounters between troups from both countires. 3. How long does the crisis last? Currently, the crisis still exists; and there are no words or news that has indicated any resolution to date. It allegedly started on February 9, 2013 (Campbell, 2013) or almost three weeks ago. Apparently, different news articles have already signified official announcements from the heads of these governments. The complicating factor was the men of the heirs to the Sultanate of Sulu to have allegedly â€Å"sailed to Sabah three weeks ago to bear arms. From the perspective of Malaysia, the sultan’s â€Å"royal army† was committing a belligerent act by defying their country’s laws where the carrying of firearms is concerned† (Before the situation gets out of hand, 2013, par. 7). There were news that report the need for closely referring and evaluating the signed international obligations under the Geneva Convention (Yeen,

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia Research Proposal

Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia - Research Proposal Example The essay "Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia" will looks at the international constructions of beauty in various cultural locations all over the world precisely in the USA, Asia and European nations. The variations of the sexual connotation of beauty will be compared according to the region where the magazine adverts come from. The research will look at the points of commonality and the divergence in the construction of beauty in fashion. The running theme in the paper will be the effect of the cultural influences in the modeling of what is beautiful across the three regions of America, Europe and Asia. The paper will not assume a comparison point of view; instead, it will seek to look at the social constructs of beauty individually. The practical activities representing the social constructs of beauty take into consideration the increasing globalization effects. In line with the increasing globalization, the cultural influences in the design and fashion areas a re turning out to be hazy mazes. The dominant cultures are exerting their influences on the traditional concepts of beauty such that the end result is a dwindling effect of culture on the depiction of beauty. Majority of the western films have been credited for the erosion of the social constructs of beauty. This precedence is dangerous in that it threatens the actual existence of the beauty in its indigenous form. As a creative practitioner, the assignment will seek to expose the beauty in the cultural influences.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Engineering managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engineering managment - Essay Example In the first office, the manager seems to be very casual with the employees. She has been running her office informally and she seems to be a populist and she does not like falling apart with her team members. She seems like she has no clearly defined objectives. She also does not like keeping records, especially those of the appraisal. Her rewarding system is based on gut instincts instead of facts. Everybody seems to love the manager. On the other hand, the second office is a complete contrast of the first. The manager is reserved (Sachs and Falcone 45). He is focused so much on the appraisal which is already predetermined defined. He seems to be more of the employees’ flaws and shortcomings. He seems like he rewards the employees depending on their performance and the context, though he appreciates all his team members. There is a need to develop appraisal guidelines to ensure that the appraisal is effective. Firstly, I would ensure that I design a performance standard form that is standard. This would specify the performance dimensions that would be evaluated (Grote 63). Some of these dimensions include job descriptions, and goals among others. I would also ensure I have formulated behavioral checklist would focus on an individual’s performance rather than comparisons. Secondly, there is need to have a performance review after every six months. This would ensure that the employees are reminded about their performance. Thirdly, there is a need to ensure that employees are given their chance to suggest updates to their job description as well as giving a written input on the appraisal. Fourthly, there is need for managers to document their inputs; they should avoid acting like Amanda. In addition, the rewarding system should be defined. It is also good to ensure that the managers are always a ssertive. They should now focus so much on the

Monday, September 23, 2019

Egyptian Mummies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Egyptian Mummies - Essay Example The demand for this product led to the need to for an alternative. This led to the use of the Egyptian mummies, which also had a black appearance. This appearance created a belief that they had â€Å"similar properties to munia.†2 This led to the use of these Egyptians historical materials during the mediaeval and the following times as a medicine ingredient. Since, mummy has been used to refer to these bodies. Even though the mummies were initially used for medicinal purposes, the Egyptian used them because they had a belief that one lives after death. Mummies were the results of the mummification process. This is a process by which Egyptians preserved their bodies in preparation for afterlife. The process began by the priest removing the brain through a process of embalming through the nose. This was by the use of a hook. The brain was seen as insignificant and, therefore, it was disposed. Next, an incision was developed inside a corpse to remove other internal organs. Significant organs were cleaned and treated with the use of palm water, myrrh and frankincense. These organs include the liver, intestines, stomach and lungs. It is the heart in which they believed that spirit that they referred to as â€Å"ka† lived. This made them to leave thus organ in the body. These significant organs and the body were loaded in Natron to draw moisture and prevent bacteria. The drying process was made possible by the hot climate. The natron was removed at the end of 40 days and the body covered with ointments to prevent the smell. The c avity was filled with linen to maintain its shape and then covered with strips of linen. This then resulted into a mummy. Mummifying the body was significant in ensuring that a person’s wandering spirit, which was referred to as â€Å"Ba†, would determine its respective body when it returns. To them Ba could be referred to as a person’s personality. Conversely,

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Group Counseling †Article Review Essay Example for Free

Group Counseling – Article Review Essay Unlike the first article, this second article talks about group counseling in elementary school focusing on eliminating aggressive behaviors. The purpose of group counseling in this situation is to lessen aggression by influencing the feelings, emotions, judgments, and behaviors of the students in the process. Group counseling is perceived to be significant for the purpose of lessening aggressive behavior because elementary student, in their respective ages, are highly dependent on groups or group structures. Children relate with each other making it much easier to break into the group structure and influence thoughts, feelings, or behavior that would consequently influence else within the group. Eight sessions were held to implement the concepts of group counseling and intervention. At the end of the sessions, the children were required to attend a follow-up meeting four weeks after. The result of the study revealed that learning took place and the children displayed desirable changes in their behavior. What I like most about the article is that it was based on an actual study conducted on elementary students, and that the purpose of the study is to change specific behaviors within the subjects. The objective of the researcher to approach the problem proactively yielded great results as the sessions have revealed that the aggressive behavior of the children were transformed during the group counseling sessions. The article would be a great source of valid and reliable information that could be applied to future situations that requires behavioral intervention. Moreover, the process is solution-based, such that the study focused on a particular problem which is common in the elementary school setting, and conducted research and data gathering which led to a specific resolution that schools would be able to adapt of implement within their school and guidance and counseling system. Another characteristic that is likeable in the article is that it opens opportunities for further studies and other related studies, such as the adaptation of the steps carried out in the study however, differing in the problem, etc. The success of the study would urge other schools and guidance and counseling professionals to conduct other studies that would resolve other issues as well. References Stewart, J. (1996). Group Counseling Elementary School Children Who Use Aggressive Behaviors. Guidance Counseling, 11, 12-15). Retrieved November 12, 2008 from Academic Search Complete via EBSCOHost.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Plato And Aristotles Best Form Of Constitution Politics Essay

Plato And Aristotles Best Form Of Constitution Politics Essay Both Plato and Aristotle believed that the best form of government is rule by the best, or  Aristocracy. This word did not mean for them rule by the ruling class, as it did in early modern Europe; they really believed that only the smartest, most temperate, most mature, most reflective, most educated, and the bravest should be in charge of government, that is, only the best (the Greek word for best is  aristos  ). For Plato, the ideal city was one which mirrored the kosmos, on the one hand, and the individual on the other. As he described in  The Republic, the ideal city, or  polis, was one based on justice and human virtue. It was a form of social and political organization that allowed individuals to maximize their potentialities, serve their fellow citizens, and live in accordance with universal laws and truths. A citys constitution is the organisation of its magistracies or offices. Every ordered state has a constitution, since every such state has some organisation of magistracies (Aristotle, Politics 278 b9, 1289 b15, 1290 a8-9). In Aristotles teleological philosophy organisation is always for the sake of some end or purpose. The true end or purpose of the state, he says, is to help its members live, and to live a good life. Constitutions which aim at the good life for the citizens are true constitutions; those which aim at the good of the rulers only are perversions (Aristotle, Politics 1279 a17-21). There are echoes here of Plato; remember in  The Republic  Socrates argument with Thrasymachus, in which Socrates argued that government is an art the purpose of which is to further the good of the governed. Aristocracy. Rule by the best (aristos). In practice this usually meant rule by the well-born, those of noble family, who referred to themselves as the best people.   The generic name a constitution or polity (politeia, constitution). In modern English polity is not a common word, but when it is used it means form of government or type of constitution; thus one might speak of a democratic polity or a monarchical polity. Aristotle uses polity both in that way, as the generic name for a constitution of any sort,  and  as the name of one of the sorts. One of the kinds of polity is polity, i.e. the polity or form of government in which all citizens rule and is ruled in turn. The idea of polity is that all citizens should take short turns at ruling. It is an inclusive form of government: everyone has a share of political power. He sometimes calls it polity, sometimes political or constitutional government these are interchangeable.   Oligarchy, the generic name for rule by a few, is also the name of one kind of rule by the few, the perverted kind which seeks to further the interest of the wealthy few.   Democracy means literally rule by the people, but Aristotle and other ancient writers use it to mean rule exclusively by the poor in their own interest. Classification of Constitutions Good Bad One Kingship Tyranny Few Aristocracy Oligarchy Many Polity Democracy The good and bad columns come from Plato. This is the classification put forward by Plato. Plato used democracy for both kinds of rule by the many, because he saw little difference between good and bad rule by many. Democracy is too weak to do much good and at its worst too weak to do much harm, according to Plato. If, however, there be some one person, or more than one whose virtue is so preeminent that the virtues or the political capacity of all the rest admit of no comparison with his or theirs, then he or they should be supreme and not bound by laws (Aristotle, Politics 1284 a3-17); that is, under those circumstances the city should be governed by a king or an aristocracy unfettered by rules and laws. Aristotle often alludes to this ideal constitution (Aristotle, Politics 1284 b25-35, 1288 a7-30, 1289 a30-2, 1293 b25-8, 1332 b17-25). But whereas Plato calls the seventh the true constitution and the others imitations, Aristotle calls three of the others true, and mentions the seventh only incidentally. In Aristotle, Politics attention is focussed mostly not on the ideal form of government but on the second best, or best practicable. A similar point is made in (Aristotle, Politics 1290 a30-b20). The criticism Aristotle is making here is that Platos classification obscures the really signific ant dividing line, which is not between the few and the many but between the rich and the poor. In chapter 8, the discussion (Aristotle, Politics 1309a) of the grounds on which various groups claim power in the state was very carefully detailed. These groups include the rich and the poor, and also the well-born (those who come from noble families) and the virtuous. The discussion continues to the end of chapter 13 (Aristotle, Politics 1297a). It begins with a consideration of the  purpose  for which the state exists, because this will determine who should rule. The discussion reaches no firm conclusions, but Aristotle seems to favour the Platonic view that power should be held by the virtuous. This brings us to the question whether the poor or the rich should rule? If the poor, because they are more in number, divide among themselves the property of the rich, is not this unjust? (Aristotle, Politics 1281a 13-15). Again, when in the first division all has been taken, and the majority divide anew the property of the minority, is it not evident, if this goes on, that they will ruin the state?(Aristotle, Politics 1281a18). This is an answer to some of Platos arguments against democracy. Among them they understand the whole (Aristotle, Politics 1281 b9). They need to discuss, and communicate to all, or most, what each has understood; and for this they may not have the necessary time, goodwill or ability.   To assign them some deliberative and judicial functions but not allow them to hold office singly (Aristotle, Politics 1281 b30). This is in effect a combination of oligarchy and democracy. Aristotle himself thinks that the best practicable state, the one in which virtue has the best chance of influence, is one in which some political functions are assigned to the many poor and other functions to the few rich, so as to produce a balance of the classes. All professions and arts (Aristotle, Politics 1282a). Plato holds that government is, or can be, an art, and infers that only a few should rule because only a few can master any art. Aristotle suggests that the intelligent man who has studied the art, but not enough to be a practitioner, may be a good judge. Also, the consumer may be better than the producer at judging the quality of the product (Aristotle, Politics 1282a17). Plato set forth a five-fold classification to describe how the city ought to be governed. The best form of government, he argued, was an aristocratic model based on the ruler ship of philosopher kings. A second form of government he called timocracy, or rule by a privileged elite of guardians, or strong men. Oligarchy, the third type, consisted of rule by the few. The remaining two, democracy and tyranny represented rule by the many. According to Plato, the ideal city had to be an enlightened one, one based on the highest universal principles. He insisted that only individuals who were committed to these truths, who could protect and preserve them for the sake of the common good, were fit to rule the city. Becoming a philosopher king, or an ideal ruler, involved a rigorous course of study that extended into mid-life; Plato, Republic 540a. The ideal ruler was therefore someone chosen by an inner calling, or  daimon, not by circumstance or privilege. Therefore, the ideal ruler was not someone chosen by circumstance or privilege so much as by an inner calling, or  daimon. This point is crucial because it distinguishes Platos ideal city from those of other thinkers who shared Platos faith in guardianship but favoured oligarchical systems of government. Aristotle drew heavily on Platos vision but also criticized what he saw as its excessively idealistic nature. He believed that Platos republic could never exist in the real world. In any case, Aristotle made a number of improvements on Platos ideal in the interest of making it more practically useful. In his view, there were three basic forms of political organization, rule of the one, rule of the few, and rule of the many. The first form, at its best, led to monarchy; at its worst, to tyranny, the second, at its best, to aristocracy; at its worst, to oligarchy. And the third, at its best, to something he called  politeia; at its worst, to democracy. Aristotle maintained that both monarchy and aristocracy were  ideal  forms of government, in the sense that they were virtually impossible to achieve in reality. He therefore invented a third form which drew from the unique strengths of both, politeia. This form combined rule of law and rule by the few. It was a brilliant formulation that incorporated many of Platos key elements (such as guardianship, the idea of self-sufficiency, and the critical role of law) while making it more practical and thereby attainable. For example, he introduced land ownership and ruler ship by lot as crucial elements of the ideal  polis, while dispensing with what he considered unrealistic concepts such as distributive justice and voluntary rule. Aristotle a student of Plato, who himself did not like democracy, because the democratic assembly of Athens condemned Socrates to death. Aristotle himself fell victim to the same assembly and was banished from Athens. All the major Greek philosophers thought democracy was the worst form of government. Plato, in his critique of democracy in  The  Republic, claims that it allows people to follow all their passions and drives without order or control (Plato, Republic 557 558); Aristotle claimed that the competing interest in a democracy makes for chaos rather than purposive and deliberated action. Democracy did not seem to work very democratically at all, in fact. In Athens, the democratic Assembly was usually dominated by a single powerful, charismatic individual; this individual often dominated the Assembly because of his presence or oratorical skill rather than his individual worth. As a result, the democratic governments could make some surprisingly foolish decisions, such as the Athenian decision to attack Sicily without any cause or provocation. This ill-considered war destroyed much of the Athenian fleet and eventually led to the defeat of Athens by Sparta. The position of these charismat ic leaders, however, was always very precarious. The democratic Assemblies could change character overnight; they would often eagerly follow a particular leader, and then exile that leader often for no reason (this is Aristotles central objection to a democracy). If you can remember in the painting The School of Athens, Plato is pointing up because of his immaterial views (god, the afterlife). Then you will notice Aristotle pointing forward to demonstrate that his views develop from what is in front of him. Plato generally believes in ideas and focuses on the soul, the forms and the good. In Book 7 Plato spoke of the allegory of the cave and how only the philosopher kings were able to see the light (Plato, Republic 514a), Whereas, Aristotle is a natural scientist who studies nature, his views were that the way the natural world works is the way the world works, basically everything is part of a larger organic pod and nature has a plan for everything, nothing is created without a purpose because things are naturally related. In my view I think Platos work in more than intriguing, he has a lot of views that are really interesting, but also it can be said that many of his ideas can be debated negatively either in his time or ours. I am of the belief that people would never agree with his ideas of state building, and his idea of the philosopher king, and so hence, his ideas were never brought to life, but in the same breath has left a great legacy for future generations to analyse. In comparison, there is Aristotle who is very critical of Platos ideas. Aristotle is a very practical person, whose philosophy I can explicitly say makes better sense when it comes to state building and the way the world works. He also had a view of which I really agree with and that was laws should rule not men.